If the headlamps on this vehicle are permanently on and / or it is not possible to switch between low and high beam, the cause could be a faulty multifunction switch. In addition, the error may be stored in the control unit.

Injection valves provide each cylinder with the required fuel and simultaneously atomise the fuel so that it can burn most effectively in the combustion chamber. Scroll through this page and find out how injection valves work and potential fault symptoms. You will also find useful tips for performing troubleshooting work on injection valves with the engine running and switched off.

If the above-mentioned defect is detected, it may be related to a problem with the keyless central locking system. Because of water ingress and corrosion affecting the door handle switches, the receiver detects an opening request and sends this signal to the body control unit.

You probably have not had this vehicle in your workshop before. In order to save you searching for the cabin filter, here are a few installation and removal instructions.

On the above-mentioned vehicle with a start-stop system, the engine control lamp may suddenly come on. At the same time, there may be a drop in engine performance. Error codes P0300 / P301 / P302 / P0303 / P0304 (cylinders 1-4 misfiring) may be stored in the control unit.

The rain sensor is a driver assistance system which takes the strain off the driver by automatically activating the windshield wiper system when it rains and thereby significantly improving in-vehicle safety and comfort. In the mid-1990s, the rain sensor started to be fitted in vehicles and since then has been a permanent feature of modern vehicle electronics.

If the error message "SCBS / City emergency stop assistant forward gear malfunction" is displayed on the instrument cluster on the vehicle models mentioned above, one cause for this may be a defective boost pressure sensor.

If the fault mentioned above is detected, it may be in connection with the triggering of the fuel cut-off switch. A fuel cut-off switch is installed in this vehicle. The switch is triggered in the event of a sudden change in the vehicle's position and if any strong vibrations occur.

The following problem is observed on the vehicles mentioned above. During navigation, the display may malfunction (e.g. delayed image display).

The primary task of the exhaust system is conducting the combustion gases of the engine past the driver's cab into the open air. Noise caused by combustion is reduced to the permissible volume by integrated mufflers. 

If the engine of the above-mentioned vehicle only starts after the starter motor has been operated for a longer period of time, a faulty crankshaft sensor may be responsible for this. Crankshaft sensors are used to determine the speed and crankshaft position.

In the above-mentioned vehicles, incorrectly routed condensation water drain hoses of the air-conditioning system can cause a variety of electronic problems.