Aftertreatment is carried out to convert the pollutants produced during combustion into harmless exhaust gases. Exhaust gas aftertreatment components include catalytic converters and particulate filters. Nowadays, both components can be installed on a direct-injection petrol engine as well as on a diesel engine.

With this repair issue, the customer complains about receiving a variety of error messages in the instrument cluster. The cause of the above-mentioned problem is a damaged electrical cable (rubbing against the steering column).

Daytime running lights increase safety in road traffic. This is why they are already fitted as standard in newer vehicles. On this page, discover the advantages of daytime running lights compared to low beam lights.

A faulty motor coolant pump can cause coolant to enter the brake system's vacuum system. Furthermore, oil can enter the system via the tandem pump. 

On the above-mentioned vehicle, the airbag control light may come on permanently and the error memory cannot be cleared.

The primary task of the exhaust system is conducting the combustion gases of the engine past the driver's cab into the open air. Noise caused by combustion is reduced to the permissible volume by integrated mufflers.

Renewing the starter is quite challenging at first because of its limited accessibility. Proceed as follows to remove starter.

If the error message "Charging system malfunction - engine stop possible" is displayed in the instrument cluster on the above-mentioned vehicle model, one cause for this may be a defective overrunning alternator pulley.

In the case of the above-mentioned vehicles with manual transmission, a software flaw in the engine control unit can cause the engine control lamp to suddenly light up while the car is being driven and the error code P0135/P0325 to be stored in the control unit. In some cases, the engine also misfires.

The classic low beam is in fact a compromise solution, and it's not without its weaknesses. Thanks to its new light functions, the Advanced Front Lighting System (AFS) eliminates the rigid boundaries of the low beam, thereby significantly improving visibility in the dark and in poor weather.

When manoeuvring/parking or driving over bumps, the above-mentioned vehicles may make crackling and/or clicking noises. Searching for the cause of this can sometimes be very difficult.

In the Smart 451, the cabin/pollen filter is changed from the driver's footwell. To reach the cover of the evaporator/heater box, the hand must be moved behind the accelerator/brake pedal.