Since an internal combustion engine cannot start by itself, a functioning starter is essential for a roadworthy vehicle. Malfunctions can be caused, for example, by incorrect connections, faulty solenoid switches or a damaged single-pinion gear.

If this defect is detected in the vehicle model mentioned above, a possible cause could be a defective connector on the body computer in the front left footwell.

During maintenance and repair work on the air conditioning system, it is necessary to drain or refill the system. However, the service connections are neither in the engine compartment nor on the cabin roof.

On the vehicles mentioned above, non-specific, knocking or clicking noises may occur from the vehicle rear area. These are particularly noticeable when starting off or when changing from forward to reverse.

The bend lighting extends the visual range on curved roads or when cornering. The course of the road and obstacles can be identified earlier and more easily in darkness. In addition to background information on how the bend lighting works, on this page you can find out about the differences between dynamic and static bend lighting.

Troubleshooting the reverse lamps failure is straightforward:

1. Check bulb
2. Check fuse
3. Check switch for reverse lamp (figure)

When manoeuvring/parking or driving over bumps, the above-mentioned vehicles may make crackling and/or clicking noises. Searching for the cause of this can sometimes be very difficult.

The following problem is observed in the vehicles mentioned above: Vehicle steering sluggish. The reason for this is an insufficient plug connection between the steering angle sensor and the wiring harness (see figure).

Vehicle headlamps focus the light beams generated by the light source onto the road. On this page, find out about the structure of headlamps, and what lighting technology concepts and legal regulations there are, amongst other things. Here you can also find useful practical tips for dealing with plastic cover lenses.

A defective plastic hose of the vent valve on the engine (Fig. 1) can be the cause of rough engine running in the above-mentioned vehicle. Sucking in "false air" can also cause problems with the exhaust emission test.

If the above-mentioned defect is detected, it may be related to a defect in the vacuum system responsible for controlling the turbocharger.

If problems occur with the above-mentioned vehicle after the cooling system has been repaired or opened (high engine temperature, poor heater performance), the cooling system has probably not been bled or vented in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.